My ordinal day at college Essay

My ordinal day at college is an grave event of my existence. To me it is an memorable day. During my education days I had a looking of college lifespan from my beverage brothers and sisters. I was most peculiarly waiting the day when I would begin my college spirit. I mentation that the college sprightliness would request me a issue being; here restrictions would be few and threat of teachers would be soft. At inalterable the longed for day came in. I was admitted to the Government College of my city. I entered the college premises with new hopes and aspirations. I was glad to see that the college presented a new grasp. It was quite diametric from what I had seen in and around our schooltime. I came crossways galore dishonorable faces. I had whatever real fantastical experiences on the forward day of my college brio. I was befuddled to see students activity inside and exterior games and enjoying receiver programmes during class-hours. There is no regulating of homogenous. I observed that the students are unloosen in their movements. They can do things according to their pick. I institute all the new admitted students in squealing intoxicant. They were all joyful to straighten Mends. I emotional say the college. I was rattling some delighted to see the noble depository of the college where I could find books on real field. The college laboratory overexcited my wonder on the really basic day and I got raring to accomplish experiments there. I noted pile the time-table of’ my categorise from the note {school. Apiece dominate is taught by a special educator. Questions are not asked in the classes. Professors do not reproval the students if they miscarry to, inform their lessons. They but verify the students to be sentient of their responsibilities. The students judge here a homey atmosphere which they need n the refine. For this, they reason painless and prosperous here. Read more: Essay On MY FIRST DAY AT COLLEGE Full Essay http://www.friendsmania.net/forum/essay-writing-notes-applications-letters/251688.htm#ixzz37JQ6CozN http://sekho.com.pk/educational-articles/my-first-day-at-college/ http://ue.edu.pk/fee_schedule.asp

Immigration Study Essay

For many immigrants, becoming an American has been shaped by American’s and the American government’s identification of them racially. Latino and Hispanic immigrants are one race in particular that often has trouble adjusting to life in America. Most Latinos that wish to come to America have a much different view of America than Americans do. They see America as this wonderful place with endless opportunities, money and freedom. Yet, once they actually come to America, Latinos usually find it is not what they had expected. Many of them struggle to find jobs, struggle to find a place to live, and have a hard time fitting in. America may have a far better economy than Mexico, but Hispanic immigrants rarely get the jobs or the pay that they hope for when they come here. It can be nearly impossible for some immigrants to find work at all; sometimes because of their race and other times because of their lack of experience or their lack of education. Many Latino immigrants get stuck with jobs that most American’s do not want, like fast food restaurants, housekeeping jobs, farming, and landscaping. These jobs rarely give good pay, forcing them to get two or even three jobs just so that they can afford to feed their families. In the book The Circuit, Francisco Jimenez writes about his family struggling to make it in America many years ago. Jimenez writes about leaving Mexico to come to America as a child and constantly having to move in order for his parents to find work. In one chapter Jimenez says, â€Å"After stopping at several places and asking for work, we found a rancher who still had a few cotto n fields left to be picked. He offered us work and a tent to live in. It was one of many dark green tents lined up in rows. The labor camp looked like an army settlement†(Jimenez 54). Like many immigrants today, Jimenez and his brothers had to work on the farms instead of going to school to help support his family. On top of trying to find jobs and money, immigrants also battle with fitting in. They are looked down on by many Americans because they are a different  race with different traditions and cultures. Americans frequently accuse Hispanics of taking all of the available jobs; leaving none for anyone else. In an article entitled, â€Å"’Is This a White Country or What?’†, Lilian Rubin talks about the way white Americans and natural-born citizens feel about immigrants. Rubin writes, â€Å"For whites the issue is compounded by race, by the fact that the newcomers are primarily people of color. For them, therefore, their economic anxieties have combined with the changing face of America to create a profound uneasiness about immigration†(Rubin 227). Several white Americans are also afraid that Hispanics and other immigrants are going to overpopulate in America; making it less of a â€Å"white† country. Rubin explains, â€Å"Americans have always worried a bout the strangers who came to our shores, fearing that they would corrupt our society, dilute our culture, debase our values†(Rubin 227). Hispanics are too often misjudged for trying to find jobs and for coming to America. They must live in a country where a majority of the population tries to segregate them from the white society. In another article called, â€Å"Best of Friends, Worlds Apart†, Mirta Ojito describes two friends who drift apart because they are different races. Ojito writes, â€Å"The two men live only four miles apart, not even 15 minutes by car. Yet they are separated by a far greater distance, one they say they never envisioned back in Cuba. In ways that are obvious to the black man but far less so to the white, they have grown apart in the United States because of race. For the first time, they inhabit a place where the color of their skin defines the outlines of their lives-where they live, the friends they make, how they speak, what they wear, even what they eat†(Ojito NYT-3-1). For Latino and Hispanic immigrants, leaving their native country to come to America is not always what it seems. They face a lot of disappointment when realizing that America is not the perfect place that they pictured it to be. Losing hopes about getting the â€Å"American dream†, they must fight to find jobs, jobs that normally do not pay well at all. For immigrants, finding a place to live and raise a family can be an extremely difficult, especially in society where white people are seen as superior. Some children have to give up their education to help their families make money. For most Latinos and Hispanics, coming to a new country means leaving behind important  traditions to find their place in a white country. Works Cited Jimà ©nez, Francisco. The Circuit. New York: Scholastic, 1997. Print. Paula, Rothenberg. American Culture, Identity, and Public Life Course Reader. Worth Publishers, 2013.

Henry Kissinger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Henry Kissinger - Essay Example ("Henry") Kissinger's intensive embarkation on a "shuttle diplomacy" in the 1973 Yom Kippur War between Israel, Egypt, and Syria helped mediate the Arab-Israeli conflict that had been going on for a long time. ("Henry") Because of this, politicians from Egypt had called him as the 'magician' for being able to come up with disengagement agreements that separated the Israeli and the Arab armies. ("Henry The Nobel") He had been successful in ending the war between these nations; however, there was an even greater and bigger hostility among these nations that was eventually lifted up. The peace process that he has negotiated among them was short-lived that his role was further criticized and questioned, specifically his intentions at bringing about the said 'liberation' between the Arabs and the Israelis. Having fled from Nazi, Germany under Hitler's administration, Kissinger created his own name in the United States as a Harvard University professor of government and international affairs in the 50s and 60s. ("American") He also joined the US Army before that and became an interpreter and intelligence officer in Europe. It was after his service in the army that he was soon the most brilliant professor in Harvard University. ("Henry") His unprecedented ability in interpreting foreign policies enabled him to foretell the necessary responses that Americans should perform in order to become at par with its international relations, as well as balance its power in the worldwide context. Kissinger lectured Americans about moralism that encourages them to a more realistic approach in dealing with all its foreign affairs and policies. Prominent personalities such as John F. Kennedy was as well impressed by his realistic views and policies, with whom he eventually served as a part-time policy adviser behind Kennedy's "flexible response" strategy that characterized the US strategy that promotes and maintains both the conventional and the nuclear forces against the attacks of the Communists instead of a nuclear retaliation that would affect nations and people held as victims. Kissinger also served the Johnson administration as a part-time foreign adviser ("Henry") When Nixon was elected President of the United States in 1968, he appointed Kissinger as his full-time national security adviser. Their team-up has had many suspicions such that the joint of an unlikely two people in the government implied something not at all favourable. Time magazine even described their collaboration as an "improbable partnership" because of their two opposing personalities. Nixon's "old-fashioned, secretive, aloof and over-simplified rhetoric" character did not seem to fit with Kissinger's "urbane intelligence" ("Henry") The Nixon-Kissinger team had worked together to re-shape the style and substance of the United States foreign affairs. Together, the two had work closely in addressing the different international issues that are tied to the US through Kissinger's realist strategies and policies. Together, they had both achieved their goals in the international affairs. ("Henry") From then on, Kissinger was among the most popular and the most controversial personalities in the US government. Being the national security adviser to Nixon's administration, he had concentrated on gaining power for the United

What are the effects in the job market when women are less educated Research Paper

What are the effects in the job market when women are less educated than man - Research Paper Example As a result, these women, should they be forced by need to work, will be confined to low productivity and income jobs. Women, up to now, are still vastly overrepresented among unpaid workers or in the informal sector. As education and experience are valuable inputs to productivity and earnings, non-diversification of the human capital deeply impacts the rate of economic development. Education is widely recognized as the prerequisite to economic security and opportunity. In analysis, the state of diversification in the job market presupposes the condition that there is no enhanced creativity in limited viewpoints as women is often not in the equation. This creates a narrow selection in the existing talent pool that often stagnates growth. The job market will negate a picture of strength as there would be less demand for labor without diversified aptitudes and abilities in its workforce. It will also have less ability to demand higher absolute and relative wages as job specialization would be diminished. A relatively weak job market ultimately prevents the increase in employment which would be accompanied by slow economic growth and perpetuates further market and institutional failures (World Bank, 2012). World Bank. (2012). Gender Difference in Employment and Why They Matter. Retrieved October 15, 2012, from World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development:

The European Sociopolitical Foundations of Anthropological Thought Essay

The European Sociopolitical Foundations of Anthropological Thought - Essay Example The European colonization which can be traced back in the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th, century evolved together with the birth of Anthropology which is rooted from the evolution of natural history. But it was in the 18th century, the so called "era of the enlightenment" that humans tried to look for reasons in the things that were happening and the things that were surrounding them. It was also the time when people looked for rationality and empiricism in the society. Anthropology just like the world evolved, and has created different walls of ideas like the unilinealism which according to Wikipedia is a "19th century social theory about the evolution of societies and cultures. It was composed of many competing theories by various sociologists and anthropologists, who believed that Western culture is the contemporary pinnacle of social evolution. This theory is now generally considered obsolete in academic circles." It can be recalled that in the 18th c... The idea was also intensified by Christianity which made it worse. At the time, Europeans did not have confidence to acquire a positive view of the world until the age of the "Enlightenment." The enlightenment or the age of reason was dated back also in the 18th century which also covered the late 17th century. Wikipedia defines the age of enlightenment as "Inspired by the revolution in physics commenced by Newtonian kinematics, Enlightenment thinkers argued that same kind of systematic thinking could apply to all forms of human activity. Hence the Enlightenment is often closely linked with the Scientific Revolution, for both movements emphasized empiricism, reason, science or rationality, but here applied also with natural law to the ethical and governmental spheres in exploration of the individual, society and the state. Its leaders believed they would lead the world into progress from a long period of doubtful tradition, irrationality, superstition, and tyranny which they imputed to the Dark Ages, though not from religious belief. The movement helped create the intellectual framework for the American and French Revolutions, the Latin American independence movement, and the Polish Constitution of May 3; and led to the rise of classical liberalism, democracy, and capitalism." During the era of rationality and reasoning, philosophers like Hegel, Rousseau and Hobbes thought of a progressive society as a possible thing. For George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, evolution of man is consist of contradictions and tensions that are necessary and are need to attain the knowledge that is "absolute." The process of negation and contradiction leads to attaining the "rational unity" which happens in the mind and does not happen outside or in the external

Autonomous car, also known as a driverless car Essay

Autonomous car, also known as a driverless car - Essay Example The autonomous driverless cars are cheaper than the traditional cars because they do not need to be tethered to an individual. They can freely roam about and offer shared mobility services to all at a price which is substantially lesser compared to that incurred by the individually owned cars. The costs per person-kilometer in the driverless mobility services are half in comparison to the car ownership mobility. The professional management of life-cycle of all components of the vehicle is among the major sources of savings that greatly enhance the cars’ economic life as well as decrease the capital cost per kilometer that is traveled. The promotional video of Volvo, the autonomous driverless car, states, â€Å"Our next feature. Spare time† (Yarrow, 2014) thus emphasizing upon the fact that use of autonomous cars provides the travelers with ample time to spend in more useful activities than driving. Digital media is a potential platform for the launch and promotion of the autonomous cars as it provides the audience with a visual elaboration of the qualities and driving experience of the autonomous cars. The place for these cars is presently limited to the technologically advanced countries because their transportation channels and networks are more easily customizable to the needs of the autonomous cars than those of the underdeveloped or the developing countries. The autonomous driverless cars obviate the need to construct parking lots. Instead of getting parked, they can be used to transport other individuals thus providing greater value and productivity in comparison to the traditional cars. The organizations autonomous driverless cars will affect include but are not limited to the automotive industry, the transportation service industry, the shipping industry, the insurance industry, and the technology industry (Shannon, 2013). The auto industry

Post traumatic Stress Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Post traumatic Stress Disorder - Essay Example This resultant stressed mind negatively affects individuals’ ability to function normally and wrecks their daily life, further causing depression and in extreme cases psychological disorders. That is, in a stressed and depressed state, individuals may not be able to utilize their physical as well as mental parts optimally. When that happens there will be a poor match between the personal, societal expectations and the functional ability of the individuals, which in turn leads to disorientation of individuals’ psychological systems causing disorders like Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Background about PTSD and the main claim or theme PTSD, an anxiety and stress related psychological disorder, can develop in individuals, when he/she is exposed to a shocking event or ordeal, during which grave mental torture or physical harm has occurred. Traumatic events that may trigger PTSD may include violent personal assaults on the individuals, or when the individuals get cau ght in natural or human-caused disasters, accidents, or even military combat. (â€Å"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder†). Individuals affected with PTSD could undergo grave mental ordeals, affecting not only their personal, professional and social lives, but also that of their related and associated lives. This disorder will be visible in persons immediately after a traumatic event and could continue for a shorter or a longer time, according to the severity of the event. When persons are afflicted with PTSD, they exhibit many symptoms like persistent frightening thoughts and memories of their ordeal, feeling emotionally detached as well as numb, especially with people they were once close to, experiencing sleep deprivation or problems, etc. (â€Å"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder†). So, it is a difficult disorder that could afflict all types of individuals, particularly the people who have high chances of facing traumatic events like the soldiers in the battlefield, war ret urnees, etc. The severity of the affliction due to PTSD also depends on the character, thought process, physical ability and mental fortitude of the individuals. Because based on the above mentioned qualities only, the individuals will cope up or given in to PTSD. This being the case, treatment options for the sufferers of PTSD has to be oriented based on their personal as well as social life. Although, various medications as well as psychological therapies are being practiced, it is of crucial importance in any method of treatment to include the partner as well as family members of the affected including that of the war returnees in the treatment process, with this essay focusing on that aspect. Symptoms and its repercussions As pointed out above, PTSD is a condition which is brought about by exposure to a traumatic incident that kind of plays back through flashbacks or in the dreams/nightmares of the affected individuals. (Yehuda 67). The traumatic events could directly involve th e individual, where he/she has been exposed to a threat of death, as well as other physical and psychological assaults, and also when someone else, who are known and close to the individuals, are exposed to the same threats and assaults. When they or ‘others’ are under threat, it is natural for the individuals to get afraid, with that fear only triggering sizable split-second changes in the individual’s body and preparing the body to face it or avoid it, through a response called

Business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business strategy - Essay Example merger of the Tarmac and Lafarge organizations in the UK may have been a noteworthy undertaking, yet this ought to shock no one given the measure of the portfolio and advantages of each company, their joined assets, and the different legacy products or services that they both needed to incorporate into one new organization. From the beginning, uniting the qualities of two of the UKs top and most powerful materials companies – Lafarge (with their quality in concrete items, solid concentrate on R&D and advancement) and Tarmac (with their national foot shaped impression and quality in totals, street contracting, and solid ethic of customer service) – was continually going to be a huge undertaking. According to Graham, Smart & Megginson (2012), merging of two major companies comes with its challenges as well as the benefit. Stahl & Mendenhall (2005) adds that merging is one of the business strategies that any company should consider as a means of improving its operations an d the market share. The joint venture company has established cognitive structures for present and future prosperity. Primarily, the two firms entered the venture to fulfill certain objectives, goals and vision. The daily business of the joint venture is usually mission. The mission for the venture is to be provide incomparable products and services in the construction field that are geared towards promoting safety and sustainable development. The mission motivates the company to provide solutions to various dilemmas experienced in the building and construction sector. In essence, the company’s activities are tailored towards achieving the already established mission. The merging of the two companies gave them an upper hand in the industry. The core competence of the company is a diverse workforce and sufficient infrastructure that facilitates quality production and transportation of materials from the production site to the required destination. That is, the company’s employees are

Assignment #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment #4 - Essay Example Access to technology has given way to continuous improvement and set standards for excellent service delivery. Information services serve six different functions in the organization, namely; ensuring validity and reliability of data, storing and retrieving data, training support users, maintain data security, maintain communication and continuous improvement of the Information Services (John and Kenneth 388). In recent years, IS has gradually risen to become a core utility in healthcare organizations. This is because of its reliance in supporting transactions necessary for healthcare processes, performing measures that steer improvement, as well as making learning much easier by improving the communication process. IS helps healthcare organizations to maintain high degrees of accuracy of information while also supporting effective communication. IS also helps in makes it easy for organizations to store and retrieve data, process the data in to useful sets of information, and plays a big role in training other users. The benefits of IS to an organization are seen through customer satisfaction, and improvements in clinical as well as other units of the healthcare organization (John and Kenneth 383). The best way to implement Information Services is to view customers of the organization as services. All planning activities must be integrated with specific improvements in customer performance through improvements in patient

Investment Options Essay Example for Free

Investment Options Essay Mutual funds remain the central instruments investors use to achieve their financial goals. Whether for retirement or in the search for additional profits, individual and corporate investors choose mutual funds as a relatively reliable and non-volatile method of making investments. It appears, however, that apart from satisfying the needs of individual investors, mutual funds can successfully work to secure corporate market players from changes and shifts in external markets. In this context, J.  P. Morgan is the bright example of the way mutual funds are used to reduce the negative impact of financial crisis and to overcome the difficulties faced in tough bond markets. J. P. Morgan has probably been the first to use mutual funds as the instrument of protection against the negative impacts of financial crisis. In his article, Michael Pollock (2009) sheds the light on the way J. P. Morgan Strategic Income Opportunities fund helps the company deal with tough bond markets. It appears, that the fund â€Å"has few restrictions typical of bond funds that are marketed to general public† (Pollock, 2009); as a result, it is better equipped to help investors survive through the difficult financial times. The fund functions according to a predetermined set of principles, of which putting money only into places where potential profits overweigh potential risks is probably the most important. The mutual fund at J. P. Morgan does not avoid keeping a portion of assets in cash, so that investors can materialize their investment opportunities when the right moment comes. Short selling is just another instrument the fund uses to generate additional profits; Pollock (2009) also notes that short selling is becoming a widely spread investment tool among bond funds. The list of investment instruments J. P. Morgan uses to manage its mutual fund is not limited to short selling and cash operations. Here, investors are also given a chance to make short borrowings and then to sell these borrowed shares; â€Å"investors can also make similarly bearish bets by buying credit-derivative instruments whose value increases if the price of an underlying corporate bond declines† (Pollock, 2009). To a large extent, the fund relies on the whole set of quantitative techniques that work to identify significant investment opportunities. The fund is actively involved into managing long-term high-yield corporate securities and nonagency mortgage-backed bonds. As a result, the fund has been able to achieve the total return rate of 4. 3% this year (Pollock, 2009). Does that mean that beyond using mutual funds as investment targets and the sources of additional profits, companies can also utilize the benefits of portfolio investment to protect themselves from external crisis threats? There is no definite answer to that question, but J.  P. Morgan obviously tries to change traditional opinions about investment options available to consumers. The truth is that everything we currently know about mutual funds does not make them look as an ideal investment solution. Given that mutual funds are not usually guaranteed by the FDIC and are not insured by any government agency; that mutual funds’ past performance is not always indicative of its future positive prospects; and that to be a member of a mutual fund also means to bear certain costs associated with investments, the whole picture of a mutual fund does not look as much attractive. However, where J. P. Morgan was able to reach the point of total return rate of 4. 3%, investors may have some sort of confidence that the company will pursue the same set of investment principles, being extremely cautious in its investment options and using the mutual fund as an effective means of anti-crisis protection. Conclusion Mutual funds are included into the list of the most widely used investment options. It appears, however, that mutual funds can also be successfully used to protect companies and investors from the negative impact of the financial crisis. Despite the costs investors have to carry as well as unpredictability of external environments, which mutual funds cannot control, the latter remain relatively stable and non-volatile means of dealing with tough bond markets.

Data Mining Techniques and Job Assignment Effectiveness

Data Mining Techniques and Job Assignment Effectiveness Introduction Bayer AG, a chemical and pharmaceutical company, was founded in 1863 by Friedrich Bayer and John Friedrich Weskott. Bayer’s headquarter is located in Leverkusen, Morth Rhine – Westphalia, Germany and they are well known for its originality in their brand of aspirin globally. Till date, Bayer has 290 subsidiaries in 73 countries throughout the world and corporate are located in close proximity to their customers and market worldwide. Bayer is an organization that deals with core competencies in the areas of health care, agriculture and high – tech polymer materials where their primary areas of business consists of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, consumer healthcare products, agricultural chemicals and biotechnology products and high value of polymers. (AG 2014) Bayer Healthcare, Bayer Cropscience and Bayer Materialscience were established to target the respective sectors of healthcare, agriculture and high – tech polymers in the market. The holding company and subgroups are supported in their activities by three service companies Bayer Business Services, Bayer Technology Services and Currenta. The mission of Bayer is â€Å"Bayer: Science for a better life†. It speaks of scientific successes aim to improve people’s quality of life and at the same time form the foundation for business sustainability and profitability. Their values is revolves around the word LIFE which represents Leadership, Integrity, Flexibility and Efficiency in guiding them to fulfill their mission statement. (AG 2014) Table of Contents Introduction Table of Contents What is Signaling? Effectiveness of Signaling Related Literature Review Data Mining Techniques Job Assignment Education Incentive / Wage Application in business world Advancing knowledge and leadership skills Effectiveness Signaling Approaches Recommendations Conclusion References What is Signaling? Signaling is the idea whereby one party credibly conveys information about itself to another intended party. (Brewer and McEwan 2010) In firm’s perspective, they often face the difficulties of choosing suitable individuals out of the pool of applicants with different levels of skill. It is difficult and costly for firm to evaluate every job applicant to show their competency to them. Hence, signaling plays an important role in helping firms to differentiate potential candidates and not underestimating or overestimating individual’s talent and ability in job screening process. Likewise, employees could also send signals to their employer as they act as ‘sellers’ of their human capital so that employer are willing to give them employment opportunities or high wages for better worker with outstanding performance and productivity in the company overtime. Effectiveness of Signaling It allows employers to sort talent out of the pool of candidates appropriately in assigning them position they are capable or potential doing the required job. Asymmetric information are often presented during recruitment, company have to screen using signaling approaches to aiding the accuracy of screening process. (Lazear and Gibbs 2009) Related Literature Review There are a number of economic literature reviews that can discuss a few approaches that companies could actually examine and consider the few possible approaches in enhancing or implement in their existing signaling approaches. Data Mining Techniques Firstly, the quality of human capital is crucial for companies to maintain their competitive advantage but companies are facing and suffering from high turnover rates making them hard to neither retain nor recruit the potential employees. Hence, there is a need to develop personnel selection mechanism in finding suitable employees for companies. A data mining framework based on decision tree and association rules to generate useful rules for personnel selection. Results for data mining framework could provide employer with decision rules relating to personnel information in regards to their work performance and retention. Studies have shown and support that employers hiring decision for indirect labors including engineers and managers with different job scopes or function. (Chien and Chen 2008) Job Assignment Secondly, in labor market, it is often the case that employee’s lifetime, information about their ability is gradually revealed in a company they are committing. However, information about an employee’s ability is only directly revealed to the employing company however other companies use employee’s job assignment as a signal of ability. Therefore, wage rates tend to be closely related with jobs than with ability levels, frequent inefficient assignment of employee to job and severity of inefficiency tends to be negatively correlated with the level of firm specific human capital. Thus, other companies are usually at informational disadvantage when it comes to experience workers, but somewhat reduce by the fact companies can use individual’s job assignment as an imprecise signal of individual ability. (Waldman 1984) Education Thirdly, higher levels of education and more work experience tend to have higher wages are commonly linked to time spent in school or job increase the wage by directly increasing employee’s productivity. It is unlikely to explain that most wage differential are associated with schooling and work history. Higher educated employees elicits lower quitting or absenteeism rate as compared to lower educated employees. Employer can take education into account when hiring worker as a means of hiring worker with lower absenteeism and job turnover rate hence, demanding a minimum education level in part of job requirement. In turn, employees can use duration of schooling to signal their ability to potential employers of their ability and take them into consideration pool. (Weiss 1995) Incentive / Wage Fourthly, employees work due to the incentives they receive at the end of their working outcome. Workers are heterogeneous in their intrinsic motivation to work in a company. Optimal incentive schemes allow the firm to attract and select highly motivated workers to fill in the vacancies available in the company. Posting of higher wage rates increase the probability of filling the vacancies faster with more applicants trying to apply for the job or position to get higher work wage. Moreover, it decreases the expected average quality of job applicants as less motivated workers would apply for the job. Optimal wage scheme involves a tradeoff between the probabilities of filling the vacancy; rent left to the worker and expected worker’s motivation in workplace. (Delfgaauw 2007) Application in business world Bayer pursue after a sustainable human resource policy revolving around the acronym LIFE, Leadership, Integrity, Flexibility and Efficiency values in their employees. These values enclose the company culture combining with a strong focus on performance and development of high degree of social responsibility which at the same time made it practical and simple for the employees in their work. They believe in systematic people development is important in future success of the company. The fundamental principle is that every employee has his or her own individual strengths and talents that deserve recognition and development in the workplace. (AG, Annual Report 2014) Vacancies in Bayer from non-managerial to senior management level are advertised via a globally accessible platform. They believe regular feedback system is necessary for the continuous development of their employees and organization and that it helps them to adapt to changing requirements. Group-wide employee survey is their feedback tool at the corporate level is. Survey is held every two year to monitor the employees and receiving competent feedback the strategy, culture and working conditions. Shortcomings are identified in specific areas in the process and making rooms for improvements. Advancing knowledge and leadership skills Fostering of employees’ â€Å"lifelong learning† is an important element of both the development of people and the demographic management at Bayer. In Bayer, they encourage all their employees to refresh and expand their knowledge and skills in all phases of their working lives. Education and training programmes comprises of a wide range of work-related activities that enable employees to broaden their specialist knowledge or acquire a new set of skills, for example by learning a language or acquiring leadership competencies. Bayer makes an effort to appeal to talented people worldwide and tries to retain employees for long periods of time by providing them with attractive development opportunities. Their success in recruiting employees is attributable to their attractiveness as an employer, which was justified by numerous awards earned in 2013 by their active drive in recruiting activities at the local level. Bayer also collaborated with leading universities in most countries in order to raise students’ awareness of the wide-ranging opportunities it offers. For example, in China, they have currently cooperate with more than 40 universities and offer up to 500 students a year an opportunity to undertake internships in all areas of the company. In addition, Bayer also offered training programs, scholarships and technical support for their dissertations. (AG, Annual Report 2014) Effectiveness Signalling Approaches Bayer had effectively used education and incentive signalling approaches to signal the potential employees since they have invested a lot in their recruitment activities moreover, partnering with universities globally and providing internships and trainings for them. Through these activities they can effectively signal potential employees and measure their possible potential or possibilities they can provide to the company. As failures is costly to employees, employer and their reputation. Hence, it is important that they screen the correct candidates and minimize adverse selection and irreversible damage cause to public health. Therefore, education used as a signal is important due to the work nature of Bayer. Their job scope is highly inclined and dependent to education where applicants must be highly knowledgeable eliciting competency as the same time as the jobs they offer requires high specialization instead of a general knowledge for productivity and the future successes of Bayer. Internship programs could also serve as their probation and self selection model to actually assess the applicants and screen those interns that they would like to extend or offer an employment. This could indicate that with higher level of education, these could mean higher level of productivity whereby grades could be an assessment of their potential productivity with same degrees attainment employees hence, resulting in wage differentials. Bayer tries to appeal to the potential individuals globally and retain employees for long periods by providing good development opportunities, a modern working environment and competitive compensation Training programs they provide is opportunity given to employees to upgrade their skills to yield higher productivity where this could also means opportunities given for employee to actually have a promotion with increased productivity which in turn gain more incentives or wage with the promotion in their incentive scheme to signal and motivate ability employees. Signaling only works if the incentives of employees are being addressed, ultimately workers aim is the incentives they are looking for in exchange of their labors. Recommendations Bayer could try to employ data mining technique as one of their signalling approaches. As this technique could allow them to screen existing employee or new candidates more accurately as more information is being reflected clearly in this method and compare against other candidates. Company would have information they needed on individuals they want to screen for internal promotions to fill up vacancies available before sourcing externally their behaviour, job performance, productivity and education would be clearly shown over time. But internal infrastructure would be ideal for data mining technique since it is a technique suited for long term use. Moreover, due to the job nature requirements of Bayer, it is ideal that they screen for internal candidates first before sourcing externally as their inventions revolves around a lot of patents and trade secrets as the higher the ranking or hierarchy the more things they would be facing and dealing with. Job assignment could be used as a signalling approach although not a very precise method but it could be an add on in assessing employees. It would reflect efficiency of employees although not productivity. After all, with education used as a major signalling approach, employees employed have more or less elicited certain abilities and productivity which is why they are valued. It could be a signalling approach when comparing against employees of same degree or specialization to be competitive advantage and promoting the correct candidate in order for Bayer to achieve higher productivity and success rate. Conclusion Although Bayer have an outstanding recruitment activities being used and improved actively and well known for being an outstanding employer with the high rates of employment they can achieve globally and providing numerous of employee benefits, but there are some minor improvement which they can make to improve overall system. Hence, Bayer reflects heavy investments made in their recruitment activities therefore it is costly for them to recruit wrong employee which might lead to severe losses incur to them. In conclusion, data mining techniques and job assignment could also be some of signalling approaches they could employ to improve their accuracy of signalling so that adverse selection and risky hires could be minimize as much as possible as mentioned above. References AG, Bayer. Annual Report. 28 February 2014. http://www.annualreport2013.bayer.com/en/employees.aspx (accessed July 20, 2014). —. Bayer : Science For A Better Life. 23 July 2014. http://www.bayer.com/ (accessed July 17, 2014). Brewer, Dominic J., and ‎Patrick J. McEwan. ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION. Spain, 2010. Chien, Chen-Fu, and Li-Fei Chen. â€Å"Data mining to improve personnel selection and enhance human capital: A case study in high-technology industry.† Expert Systems with Applications, 2008: 280–290. Delfgaauw, Josse. â€Å"Signaling and screening of workers’ motivation.† Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 2007: 605–624. Lazear, Edward P., and Micheal Gibbs. Personnel Economics in Practice. 2nd. United States of America: Don Fowley, 2009. Waldman, Michael. â€Å"Job Assignments, Signalling, and Efficiency.† The RAND Journal of Economics, 1984: 255-267. Weiss, Andrew. â€Å"Human Capital vs. Signalling Explanations of Wages.† The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1995: 133-154.

Use of Subtle Details in Kate Chopins The Storm Essay -- Chopin Storm

Use of Subtle Details in The Storm    Effectively describing the relationships between characters is one vital component to a great piece of literature.   Without a fundamental understanding of what the characters are feeling and a sense of where they are coming from, a literary work is a puzzle with missing pieces.   A variety of tools exist for authors to accomplish this goal.   Such information can be provided outright, as in a flashback, or an author may chose to rely more heavily on subtle tactics.   In Kate Chopin’s The Storm the preferred forms of relationship development are subtle.   By making good use of tone, small details like dialect and an overarching metaphor, Chopin skillfully incorporates a great deal of emotional depth.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The first device with which Chopin subtly builds the characters' relationships is tone.   Chopin uses tone as a tool to shape the reader's attitude.   By addressing the actions of Calixta and Alcee with a favorable tone, both characters seem to have done something natural and inevitable.   In fact, Calixta and Alcee both commit adultery, yet it is presented to the reader in such a way that both characters escape any kind of negative judgment.   If Chopin had merely written down the course of events in The Storm one might expect a likely response of disapproval from the reader.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Evidence of this use of tone is not hard to find in the text.   One clear example is found as the love scene develops.   Chopin describes Calixta?s flesh as ?knowing for the first time its birthright.?   The word ?birthright? suggests that Calixta is entitled to this affair.   At the same time th... ...nbsp; Finally, the storm ends restoring peace and calm to the countryside just as Alcee and Calixta leave each other with smiles and Bobinot and Bibi return none the wiser.      Ã‚  Ã‚   It is through this metaphor that the reader can best relate to the path the story takes.   This descriptive tool can be overlooked and the story can continue on its own. However, when the reader recognizes and considers this metaphor?s meaning, a much more complete and vivid descriptionis present.      Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion,   it can be seen that Chopin?s use of subtle hints and small suggestive details add considerable meaning to the work as a whole.   Without these small pieces such a vivid picture could not be painted and a narrative with the potential to be a classic would have remained a puzzle with missing pieces.  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Microsoft Versus the Department of Justice Essays -- Computers Microso

Microsoft Versus the Department of Justice In today’s high-tech ultra-fast paced world, there can be no debate as to the importance of personal computers. Personal Computers control virtually every aspect of our daily lives. Businesses, regardless of their size, have local area networks, company Intranets and high-speed wide area networks. Billing, inventory and invoicing would be impossible without help from our Personal Computers. Stocks, bonds and commodities are traded in the markets around the world entirely by computer. The Banking industry relies enormously on Personal Computers for every transaction. Communicating without email, fax transmissions and other forms of computer aided information transfers would be unimaginable. The media would be unable to produce news and information for the masses in the timely manner we know today. Law enforcement agencies, from local police, to field agents of the F.B.I. depend on computer databases for crucial information. Air traffic controllers rely on their computer s to safely land and route thousands of planes into airports around the world everyday. Even the military depends on computers to defend our very own borders and interests. With the important role that Personal Computers serve in society today, is it really a good idea to have one company exclusively control the technology running virtually every aspect of our lives? Ninety percent of all computers sold worldwide are IBM or IBM compatible clones. Microsoft's infamous operating system licensing agreements required all personal computer makers to pay Microsoft a royalty on every computer they manufactured, even when no Microsoft product was loaded on the machine.(Kaphing 1) This forced the Personal Computer makers into only using the Microsoft operating system. They could not choose a different Operating System even if they so desired, because at that time all of the Personal Computer clone manufacturers were small start up companies, having very limited capital. They couldn't afford to pay both Microsoft and another company for a different operating system. In 1994 The United States Justice Department barred Microsoft from engaging in this sort of extortion, but it was already too late, the Operating System monopoly had been realized. After the 1994 decision, Microsoft resorted to a new anti-competitive tactic. Yet another ... ... and largely as a result of that barrier, Microsoft’s customers lack a commercially viable alternative to Windows. Microsoft possesses a dominant, persistent, and increasing share of the world-wide market PC operating systems. Every year for the last decade, Microsoft’s share of the market for Intel-compatible PC operating systems has stood above ninety percent. For the last couple of years the figure has been at least ninety-five percent, and analysts project that the share will climb even higher over the next few years. Even if Apple’s Mac Operating System were included in the relevant market, Microsoft’s share would still stand well above eighty percent. It was proven in court that many of the tactics that Microsoft has employed have also harmed consumers indirectly by unjustifiably distorting competition. The actions that Microsoft took against Navigator hobbled a form of innovation that had shown the potential to depress the applications barrier to entry sufficiently to enable other firms to compete effectively against Microsoft in the market for PC operating systems. That competition would have conduced to consumer choice and nurtured innovation.

Baltimore Museum of Art: Photography of the 1960’s

The exhibit we went to see was a gallery walk. It was an exhibit of pictures and the artists who produced the photos, and the meaning of the photos. We enjoyed it because it was particularly interesting how the 1960’s was portrayed through photography. It showed not only white Americans but African-Americans making it easily relatable. It showed hard times, fun times and how they made the hard times fun times. The strengths in the exhibit were the realistic ideas. These were some of the earliest photographs in history they weren’t just paintings or portrayal of the good life in these times.You always read about history and what happened in what times, but these photos in this exhibit showed it firsthand. A lot of the photos were open for interpretation. When you first walk into the exhibit a particular set of photos catch your eye. The photographer was Carrie Mae Weems, and the photos were entitled â€Å"From Here I Saw What Happened and I Cried† along with †Å"House/Field/Yard/Kitchen†. The photos were red and appeared to be African American slaves. Each had a word on top of it â€Å"house, field, yard or kitchen† and on each side of the sets of photos appears to be an African woman with the text â€Å"I Cried†.Weems wanted it to be interpreted as the racial oppression and suffering. She also wanted it to be reinterpreted by the generations. We saw it as how far African-Americans had come along while others in the past may have seen it as sad and dreary because of everything African-Americans went through to get where they are now. A weakness of the exhibit, in our opinions which can be debated was the experimentation with photography. Although it may seem interesting to a few, a stabbed up, burned up paper did not exactly fit in with the ideas of the other photos.Photographer Marco Breur in his photo Shot (C-917) used glue guns, blow torches and razor blades to photosensitive paper. It was a unique work of art and a s he aimed cannot be reproduced but took away from the actual meaning of the photography in this exhibit which was to emphasize the times and living in the 1960’s. This exhibit can relate a lot to what we have recently been learning in class. It can also relate to past readings. This photography shows things from slavery all the way out to liberalism.There were also a lot of photos displaying gender roles. There is a photo of a house with legs and high heels. It was entitled, â€Å"The Walking House†. This photo can be interpreted many ways. The photographer Laurie Simmons was trying to display that women in this time were inseparable to their domestic roles at home. Even though this exhibit was entitled, â€Å"Photography of the 1960’s† a lot of the photos displayed the changing of generations. It went from slavery up until the 1970’s. It was a very interesting exhibit.We observed all the people who were around us. It wasn’t only field trip s of academics; people actually came to the museum just to see this particular exhibit. We would recommend it to others but only this exhibit. Although it wasn’t required after we viewed this exhibit we explored the rest of the museum and it was boring. It was all statues and artifacts from different countries. This particular exhibit explored American History. It wasn’t just textbook reading and lectures, we got to view it and interpret it as if we were there.

Culture in Negotiation Essay

What is a good outcome in negotiation? What does it take to get a good outcome? What goes wrong in a negotiation that has a poor outcome? However, if culture has an effect on negotiation, the mental models of negotiators from one culture may not map on to the mental models of negotiators from another culture, making the speci ® cation of a single mental model problematic. There are two ways to approach this problem of specifying a mental model of negotiation. One is to specify the model in use in one culture and then compare and contrast its elements with elements of models of negotiatio n from other cultures. Alternatively, we can specify the mental models of negotiation in many different cultures and aggregate their common and unique elements. The latter approach is less likely to overlook culturally unique aspects of negotiation, but requires the prior existence or current construction of many culturally emic (unique) models of negotiation. (See Brett, Tinsley, Janssens, Barsness, & Lytle, 1997 for a discussion of these two approaches to designing cross-cultural research. ) This article relies on the  ® rst approach because there is a well-speci ® ed model of negotiation grounded in Western theory and empirical

Relapse Prevention Plan Essay

Jed, a 38 – year old welder, enrolled in the treatment center after his arrest resulting from drunken driving (DUI/DWI) (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, n.d.). His lawyer has advised him to stop drinking and get treatment until his trial date, which is in approximate two months. Jed does not believe that he will serve any jail time, but feels that treatment could help strengthen his court case (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, n.d.). In this paper, I will create a relapse prevention plan that will aid Jed as he enters into his treatment program. This paper will also show ways to identify the warning signs of relapse. A relapse begins long before the person actually picks up a drink or drug (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)-Department of Health and Human Services, 2007). Most proficient gradual warning signs that revive denial and result into intense pain calls for self-medication with alcohol or other drugs or both which is basically a noble idea. It is not a conscious task. The warning signs in this case are known to develop spontaneously and instinctively. Owing to that fact that not many recovering people are always taught on the best ways to recognize and mange relapse warning signs, they are not able to identify them up to the point when they start feeling unbearable pain. Step 1: Stabilization Relapse prevention planning will most probably not work if the relapser is not sober and in control of himself (Addiction in women, 2010). Detoxification and sobriety are very vital for the relapse prevention plan to work successfully. Having in mind that most people who relapse are toxic, even if they are sober, it will still be very difficult for them to think clearly remember things and manage their emotions. The symptoms would worsen in any case the person gets isolated from the society or when he undergoes stress. It is advisable to move slowly and focus on the basics and in this case, the question here should be â€Å"What is it that you need to do to avoid drinking today?† Step 2: Assessment This step aims at identifying the progressive pattern of problems that did result into the past relapses and then find solutions to the pain resulting from such problems. This would be accompanied by the reconstruction of the current problems, the alcohol and substance use history, life history and retrieval relapse history. Through the reconstruction and presentation of problems, the now and here issues that stand to cause immediate threat to sobriety can be pinpointed and crisis plans developed to resolve such issues. Step 3: Relapse Education Relapsers have to be familiar with the relapse process and the best ways to manage it. Involving the family and other sponsors is a great idea. The education should strive to emphasize four main messages: First, relapse is an ordinary and a natural process in the recovery out of the chemical dependence. One should not be ashamed of it like in the case of Jed who â€Å"gets jumpy† when he tries to stay away from drinking, feeling â€Å"closed in or like he is suffocating†. He also cannot imagine how to explain to his buddies why he is not joining them in the bars. Secondly, people are not all of a sudden taken drunk. There are gradual warning sign patterns that indicate they are slowly cropping in again. Such signs can only be recognized when one is sober. Thirdly, after they are identified, the recovering individuals can get to learn how to manage such relapse warning signs when sober. And the last one is that hope is real. Jed once attended a few AA meetings, but did not feel that AA was helpful: â€Å"It was listening to a lot of guys whining†¦.† This should and will most likely change if he attends a lecture that describes the typical warning signs that precede relapse to chemical use. Step 4: Warning Sign Identification Relapsers should be able to determine the problems that resulted into relapse. The main objective here is to list personal warning signs that made them move from a state of stable recovery all the way back to chemical  use. There is hardly ever just a single warning sign. Ordinarily a series of warning signs develop one after the other to create relapse. The cumulative effect is what wears them down. The ultimate warning sign is basically last blow. Regrettably most relapsers think it is the last warning sign that caused it all. For this reason, they tend to assume the early and more delicate warning signs that leads to the final disaster. Step 5: Follow-up The warning signs are unbound to change with progress in recovery (Field, Caetano, Harris, Frankowski & Roudsari, 2009). Each of the stages involved in the recovery process has distinctive warning signs. The ability to deal with the warning signs of one stage of recovery does not warranty that one will know how to manage the warning signs of the next stage. The relapse prevention plan therefore has to be updated more often which should be; monthly for the first three months, quarterly for the first two years, and annually thereafter. Call now for immediate relapse prevention help. References Addiction in women., (2010). Harvard Mental Health Letter, 26(7), 1–3. Field, C. A., Caetano, R., Harris, T. R., Frankowski, R., and Roudsari, B., (2009). Ethnic differences in drinking outcomes following a brief alcohol intervention in the trauma care setting. Society for the Study of Addiction, 105, 62–73. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (n.d.). Case examples. Retrieved March 28, 2010, from http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Social/Teaching%20Case%20Examples/Case%20Examples.html Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)-Department of Health and Human Services, (2007). Retrieved October 31, 2010 from http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nsduh/2k7nsduh/2k7results.cfm#2.7 Category: Essay Alcoholic Anonymous. (2014). About AA meetings [Newsgroup comment]. Retrieved from http://www.aa.org.au/new-to-aa/about-aa-meetings.php Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2012). Foundations of addiction counseling (2nd ed.). http://dx.doi.org/1009-0001-1763-00001764 National Institute on Alcohol

Persistence Of Memory Essay

Art can be used in a number of  Ã‚   ways:   to communicate and activate persistence of memory in people. It is not only in the modern days that art is used for   communication and sensation of memory but also   in the olden times. Just to revisit the kind of writing in the olden times the cuniform way of pictures which represented actions or episodes. On seeing the pictures, one could figure out what that meant. In this, I refer to records maintained in sculptures, paintings, posters, puppets, cartons, shapes e.c.t A carving of an Ape like man could stir somebody’s memory about the early man and the evolution. Pictures drawn or painted and given the names of   some of the Medieval time inventors give   a clear picture of the type of people who lived during the time and their ways of life. This includes clothing mode of transport ( incase of a picture of an old   locomotive). The weapons they used, the houses they used to build e.t.c It is apparent that there were no cameras during those days and before   then, but artists have made things vivid for   scholars to see and figure out how things used to be in the past. Take for example, sculpture or   sculptural/ artifacts which   are all over in the   Museum and other   historic preservation sites. They are sites of   attraction to the modern generation   which   admire their beauty. They impart a lot into the minds of the viewers   and it is unlikely for one to forget what he/she has seen. Colour also has a lot of appealing before the eye of the viewer. Artist have it that different colours   stand for different meanings. For Example Red – May  Ã‚   among others things stand   for   danger Yellow for cowardice, green for peace   and e.t.c. Religious people have different   perspectives on the colours especially Christians associate red with the   blood of Jesus, black with sin and white   with glory   so you can see that colours also   form   persistent memory in people. Nowadays, political critics use cartons in the newspapers to criticize or ridicule politicians or an event they feel should not go uncommented. Cartons analysis enjoy seeing them and getting the fun of   them. You will find that with such cartons one   cannot easily forget the episode  Ã‚   displayed by the cartons. This is another artistic way of creating and maintaining memory in ones mind. Some painting works have remained in the memories of people from the time in the past   to date. If you take the impact the painting of Monalisa about   the last supper and the effect   has with   Christians today, you will marvel about   the magic it holds. Leornado Da Vincil   of Florence painted the Monalisa between 1503-08 but   although Monalisa was stolen in 1911,the effect it had on the Christians still lives today . Since copies   of it and the recreation of much more about it had   been scarred all over the world by the Christians   and the lovers of art.   Today   few makers   have produced   films which are showing   allover the world   over   his artistic   achievements. On seeing a film or paintings about the last supper, Christians are reminded a fresh in their memory of their salvation. Last supper not support   has the symbolism of Jesus giving to   his followers his body and blood in commemoration of their salvation. Educators say that seeing believes. When you watch a   film, you are not likely to forget what you have seen. So, films, play a great role in persistence memory enhancement   for it is not easy for one to forget what he has seeing in a film. The world is full of art. These artistic objects keep on recurring into   our memories when we talk about them or see similar objects. So, there   should be no   doubt that art elucidate in terms of   others and reveal about the way they see the world.

Beyond the arabin poetry Essay

Beyond the Arabian Poetry In the light of Arabic literature in Muslim Spain, It was one of the greatest lands at that time. Most of people were educated in too many studies, due to the Abd al-Rahman III one of the Umayyad Rulers. Abd al-Rahman III was interested greatly in books and education, which made him to collect a lot of books around the world. Arabic literature’ books were also interested by Abd al-Rahman III, which made a lot of Muslim Spain’s people interested on in and study it as well. Muslims and Jews were inherited in the Arabic literature which made them write stories and poetry. All that had a deep effect on literature scholars and especially Jewish scholars. When they were studying Islamic, Arabic literature they were also studying Islamic literature and the influence of the relationship of Arabic language and Islam. In that vein, many of the Jews converted to Islam by their own, But not all about Jews. And this raises the mind a question that what are the sources and the power of the Arabic literature which make these Jews converting to Islam by their own? And it appears that the larger spiritual vision of Islamic religious traditions and the Ideology of Islamic Arabic poems are involved with that. Therefore the Islamic traditions and the Islamic, Arabic poetry are the source of converting some of the Jews to Islam by their own in Muslim Spain. According to the book the Jews of Islam says â€Å"Islam had its sway over Jewish cultural life too. In literature, and the arts, the Muslim influence on the Jews is enormous.† (Lewis 81) It appears from that Islam affected on Jews through literature and the arts which means by traditions and poetry. In the same note of converting the Jews to Islam, the Islamic literature was very strong, because it was getting through the soul and shapes it. And writing famous poems on the walls of Madden T Al-Zahra, helped Jewish to read poems in the in that time, so one line of any Islamic poem has that huge effect for the reader. But that script was in Arabic, how did the spoken Hebrew, Jewish did read that? What kind of influence that the script has if it has translated to Hebrew? Would it be strong as it is in Arabic?  There were people in Muslim Spain who were in interested in reading Arabic poem translated to Hebrew. And according to book The Dream of the Poem for Peter Cole that it says there is a scholar who was translating poems to Hebrew by comparing meters to their Arabic models. (Cole 333). So this shows that yes by an effort of scholars the influence of Arabic poetry kept as itself, therefore spoken Hebrew Jews got a chance to read the Arabic poems with its influence which helped to make some of them convert to Islam. According to book of Daily life of Jews in the Middle Ages for Norman Roth he says â€Å"While some Jews, indeed, converted to Islam of their own free will in the early medieval period.†(Roth 202) and also Roth said that there are some of Jewish scholars in Muslim Spain Wrote in Arabic poems for them and one of them converted to Islam as Ibrahim Ibn Sahl, as he believe(Roth 165). By reading this book or some quotes of it we will see how the poetry affected these Jews to convert, even if it is not the big motive of converting, but Poetry was the media of the motive of converting these Jews to Islam. In that time Art was greatly considered as poems, due to the Islamic religion and the many of poets in that time, the poems were spread a lot in Muslim Spain, so it was easy for all to read them, and this shows that how the poems were the media of converting the Jews to Islam by their own. Furthermore the Jews were very interested with the Arabic poetry, and most of the Arabic poetry is describing Islam and how it is good for life. According to book of Arabic and Hebrew Love Poems in Al-Andalusia By Shari Lowin which says â€Å"Brann similarly maintains that Jews had primary knowledge of the sacred texts of Islam† (Lowin 40) and this shows that Jews were affected very deeply from the poems to know about Islam which made them to go and read holy texts from the Islamic religion. Moreover the connection of the poetry with science by proving that holy Quran proved a lot of science statements, and that was really convincing to the Jewish to convert to Islam, because the Jewish people believe in the concrete and the logic (Gwynne 160), and when they found that Islam is logical with the earth and it’s science so they will be more attracted to convert to Islam. All that is just from a link from Arabic poetry that talks about science and how Islam in the holy Quran proved it. In the line with that, it proves that  Jews converted to Islam by their own, because they read these sacred texts by their own and without any force from anyone, and this shows how strong was the Islamic literature, it affected the mind and the soul of Jews in Muslim Spain thus makes them convert to Islam. So the source of that is the literature of Islamic poetry and traditions. The poetry in Islam was very nice, great and wonderful and Muslim’s prophet Muhammad said to have enjoyed the poetry (Scheindlin 7), which made Muslims do great efforts to add in the Islamic poetry, which makes a lot of kind of attractive ways to Islam, which made the Jews be Muslims and be satisfied of converting, and this proves that the converting Jews in Muslim Spain to Islam by their own by the poetry. Even though the Jews reacted to most creative way of the brilliant Arab culture as I will show here â€Å"according to Bargebuhr, Hispanic Jews reacted in a most creative way to the influences of the brilliant Arab culture (though without converting to Islam, as the Persians did). (Jayyusi and Marin 515) † So it appears that Jews did not convert to Islam by reading that smart Arabic poems. But in the beginning I said some of Jews converted to Islam. And the same book said that some of Jews did not use the Hebrew language as well in reading the Islamic poems. Moreover they have reacted the Arabic poems not the Islamic one, but when it appears that the Hispanic Jews reacted to the smart Arabic poems it appears not the all Jews converted to Islam, but Some of them, who reacted to the Islamic Arabic Poems. The holy Quran is in Arabic and it has its language, and most of the Arabic in Muslim Spain were influenced in the holy Quran, and how it has the secret way to attract non-Muslim people to it, that are the Holy Quran ways, But the Arabs poets as I said they influenced of that and they started to work with it to attract people to Islam. And how about some of Jews Scholars had been influenced and attracted to the Quran language, and converted to Islam, they will have the power of attracting their previous people the Jews. Therefore the possibilities of converting Jews to Islam were so high because of the many of the Converted Jews scholars to Islam, and the knowing of the Hebrew language, they will be able to know how to attract people to Islam by making good Hebrew poets, that has the attraction ways of Holy Quran. Adding knowledge to the pomes in the Muslim Spain was so great, some of the Poets added a lot of knowledge in his poems, and by clever way the poets were adding attracting language to make the Jews convert to Islam when they were reading knowledge. All that made the Jews convert to Islam by reading the Arabic poetry in Muslim Spain. But did these converted Jews really converted to Islam just by reading the poems? Why if they were converting to Islam just not to pay the (Jyzia) which is a tax that Muslims take it from non-Muslims people? It could be, and this would happen, but not all of Jews who converted to Islam just because of the Jyzia, because the one who converted should not be so poor to not pay a small amount of money as a tax. Moreover a lot of poor Jews in Muslim Spain were able to pay the Jyzia, unless if that Jew is cheap or greedy, he would do that. But another question is in the mind now, which is what kind of poems affected the Jews that range to convert to Islam? We said before that the poets were Arabs from Muslim Spain and Jews scholars too who wrote poems in both languages as well, Moreover the Holy Quran’s Influence which attracted all those to convert to Islam. But the kind of poems are the one which were describing Islam and how it is, and the one which described other religions, and making Islam the best of them. Moreover the poems which describes the Islamic architecture, and the science as well especially the one which discovered by Muslims scientists. However these poems are showing in its form, it talks about architecture or science, how would that help or motive or being a media to convert the Jews to Islam? The questions here is logic and it appears that it has no answer. But the answer is simple, the poets really care to make the readers being pleased reading the poems they wrote, that would not happen they appeared they are trying to let non-Muslims readers to get bored fast, or to leave the poems by thinking it is trying to make them Muslims, so the poets used a hidden way to let the readers not feeling that they added the thing that make them convert, so they added in a hidden way, for example when they want to describe the architecture, they will describe the Mosque in purpose to let the readers to be attracted to the Mosque (Ruggles 171-8) , and also if they want to write about science they write about the Muslims scientists or how Islam explained science in perfect way, all that just by great poems that did not seemed to be like that. As Ibrahim Ibn Sahl did after he converted (Roth 165-9). In the end of this it was a clever idea to make the Islamic poetry strong to be capable to convert people by their own, and also the traditions of Muslims i n Muslim Spain were much educated to make a lot of ways to add the Islamic  sense at the poetry to make the Jews to convert. Moreover the secret way of attracting Non-Muslims to Islam was really strong because it was within the language which is the most playable media to attract people to Islam. Especially the Jews, but how about the Christians did they also converted to Islam by poems in Muslim Spain? If they did so, what was attracting them, to be converted? But are not they were jealous of Muslims who were able to convert Jews by their own, so they did the inquisition and forced people to convert to their religion by force. Or they were scare to be attracted by Muslims and then convert to Islam. And this raises the concept of Muslims verses Christian’s tactics of conversion. And the Muslim’s cultural influence verses Christian’s state violence. Work Cited Cole, Peter. The Dream of the Poem: Hebrew Poetry from Muslim and Christian Spain, 950-1492. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007. Print. D, F R. â€Å"Arabic Poetry and Architectural Memory in Al-Andalus.† Ars Orientalis. 23 (1993): 171-178. Print. Gwynne, Rosalind W. Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Qur’an: God’s Arguments. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, 2014. Internet resource. Lewis, Bernard. The Jews of Islam. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1984. Print. Lowin, Shari L. Arabic and Hebrew Love Poems in Al-Andalus. New York: Routledge, 2014. Print. Roth, Norman. Daily Life of Jews in the Middle Ages. New York: Routledge, 2005. Print. Scheindlin, Raymond P. The Gazelle: Medieval Hebrew Poems on God, Israel, and the Soul. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1991. Print. Jayyusi, Salma K, and Manuela MariÃŒ n. The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1992. Print.

Retention of College Students in Private Schools Coursework

Retention of College Students in Private Schools - Coursework Example This is a very thorough introduction to the steps and processes required in writing an extensive study on an education-related topic. There are comprehensive notes and references attached to each chapter, and the book could also be used as a textbook in class since there are exercises too. One useful feature is the â€Å"Key Concepts† section which recaps the most important themes and provides definitions that can be used in any dissertation. Chapters 4 and 5 on â€Å"Research Design in Quantitative Research† and â€Å"Experimental Research† give a lot of good information on how to set up data gathering procedures and how to evaluate the results. Methods such as surveys, interviewing and videotaping are also discussed with some very practical guidelines on how to avoid common mistakes. It is written in a complex and academic tone, but the effort of reading it is rewarded by many insights. Henderson, D. and Henderson, J. (2002) The Retention of Entering and Returning Freshmen enrolled at Florida A&M University’s School of General Studies during the Fall Semesters 1997-2001. Education 123 (1), 210-212. This short paper looks at the importance of the first year in the retention of students at a college with mainly African-American students. It collated figures on students who attended for the first time, and students who had switched their major and made a recommendation for strategies to enhance student retention based on these figures. Some issues were clearly concluded, such as the importance of developmental courses, interdisciplinary classes, advisement on demand and an attitudinal shift by the faculty and staff, but the article did not find ways to deal with variables.

Health care sector Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health care sector - Research Paper Example Health care is provided by practitioners in medicine, chiropractic, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, allied health, and other care providers. It denotes the activity done in rendering primary care, secondary care and tertiary care, besides public health (Premier Occupational Health Care, 2009). The availability of services to doctors differs from country to country, groups and individuals, greatly affected by cultural and financial conditions as well as the health policies in that region. States and dominions have diverse policies and programs with respect to the health care targets of their societies in terms of population growth. In any country, the system of healthcare is established in order to fulfill the health needs and requirements of the target population and thus, the exact configuration of this system varies from one country to another (Kaplan & Esther, 2003). Every organization possesses its own professional and occupational differences which are based on the culture of the country, organization, or on the nature of the job description. In the health care department also, there exist certain factors which are responsible for creating the occupational disparities within the jobs. Some of those factors are discussed below: One of the factors of great importance, which usually creates occupational differences these days, includes gender. Many countries, and their business organizations, tend to differentiate between male and female worker in term of the jobs assigned to them. Besides this, the element of job segregation is also one of the major contributors on the differences between genders which have been observed in the exposure to hazards at workplace. Both the genders have a strong separation at the place of work and they are also exhibited to be holding dissimilar positions in the hierarchal ladder of the organization. Not only this, but both the genders are subject to pay differences

Indian banking industry Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Indian banking industry - Dissertation Example The intention of this study is the banking industry of India. The introduction of the banking concept is attributed to the medieval Florence in the year 1937. Medici, a powerful and renowned merchant family, introduced networking system in shops through which people can easily deposit and withdraw their money from different cities. It provided the people with the facilitation of easy transfer of money while avoiding carrying large amount of cash while traveling. Initially banks in India were dealing only with the financing activities. The overall history of the Indian banking industry have seen the ears of Presidency banks, to Imperial Bank of India, and lastly to the State Bank of India. During different time periods the banking sector of India has been facing a volatile environment and because of this there have been shift from majority of private ownership to nationalism and now it is moving towards the greater liberalization. The government knows that there is an important role o f private and foreign players in the banking industry as there is huge competition. During the period of evolution the banking industry of India has witnessed immense development in terms of regulations, new and unique products and services offered which facilitate people and attract them towards itself, ownership structure and the technology deployed. Nowadays Indian banks are continuously focusing on the introduction of new services offered in order to meet their customer expectations. The challenges and opportunities being faced by the Indian banks in this regard, consists of rural market, management of risks, customer expectation, transparency, environmental concerns, social and ethical issues, global banking, growth in banking sector, human factor, customer and employee retentions. The biggest challenge is to reach the mass market of India. First of all, the banks have to focus and understand the customer and then have to design products and services according to their needs (K umbhar, 2011). Nowadays, consumer demands mobile banking, internet banking and ATM services because consumer is very well aware of each and everything and their expectations and demands have increased as compare to previous years. For this reason, banking industry in India is going towards differentiation, product innovation and technology innovation. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT: The following are the aims and objectives of the study To analyze the evolution of IT in the Banking industry of India To analyze how IT has influenced the banking industry of India BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW: Banking is one of the oldest professions of the world and has gone through various transitions with the passage of time and developments. One of the key developments in the recent years, that has changed Indian banking sector tremendously, is the evolution of IT sector in banking industry of India, due to which today banking has become an easy to do

Health Care Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Health Care Ethics - Essay Example However, in today's world, where the scientific world has come of age in its standing vis--vis disease care and prevention, subsidiary issues have emerged that are considered to be of prime importance in the realm of health care. The changes in society and life all around the world have brought about considerable changes in the lifestyles of people. Similarly, the profession of health care has seen its development through the ages, and many additional factors like ethical, legal and professional concerns need to be understood better. The learning outcomes associated with this course are crucially linked to the integral understand of clinical issues and practice. This paper in turn shall go a long way in reestablishing the norms that were to be established by the goals for this course. Understand the domain of every prong individually is of vital importance: As was mentioned earlier, knowledge of legal issues to the cause of clinical practice has now become imperative. Though universal laws for humanitarianism and morality remain constant for humans, yet there are certain legal implications that are different for certain countries and even states within countries. It must be understood by a practitioner, that the legal clauses are not a matter of burden, but actually a facilitating and binding factor that ensures that the provision of health care would be unequivocal and just for all. The current face of health care is largely a product of the advancement made during and after the World Wars. However, despite the magnitude and quality of work that was done at that time, the obvious constraint due to the war was that a systematic procedure for providing health care cannot be established. Much has changed since then, and the corporate face of the organizations in the changing world has brought about a new shape to the domain of clinical practice. With the inception of concepts like quality and the ISO standards, what the world of today has realized, is that documentation, for any system of work, is not only essential, but is a must. Though the importance and significance of the three major issues has been established, yet appropriate working with these concerns in minds is still easier said than done. For a new practitioner, it is extremely important to properly identify with the issues. The ethical and legal concerns are very similar to the medical ones in their dynamics. For one, the first thing that needs to be done with a disease is appropriate identification with respect to the symptoms. Only a sound knowledge of the traits of a disease and its patterns can help identity for the practitioner as to what is to be done with it. Similarly, with legal and ethical concerns, the first step is to identify any anomaly in the normal proceedings that are likely to produce a problematic response. This is probably the most important element of the assignment, which helps the participant in preparation for the future challenges. This is one factor alone that differentiates the follower from the leader. The fact of the matter is, that many people in all professions tend to believe what is taught and practiced in front of them. They do not have the ability, urge and background to question - which is the most important feature in the development of science. Henceforth, the most credible feature of this assignment is that it would help in the preparation of analytical insight of the healthcare

Diagnostic Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diagnostic Writing - Essay Example The patriarchal society was created by men to maintain a dominant position in the society that restricts the role of women in any decision making and promotes a set of rules for their conduct and actions, both within the family and outside the family environment. The women are denied the basic right for self expression and empowerment of women has increasingly become a major issue for the societies at large. Later, when the women, especially those coming from lower strata of society and from black community, started sharing work with their counterparts, they were denied their rightful wages and status. Truth’s speech in 1851 at Ohio’s Women’s Rights Convention, is a persuasive text that question’s the society’s moral right to deny the women equal rights when they have shown that they are capable of working alongside men, in every field. In her speech, Truth has pointed out that though women, in general, have been denied equal rights and decision powers but the ‘black’ women have even been stripped of their gender identity and denied the basic minimum respect that ‘white’ women command! She has been highly critical of system that lets the ‘black’ woman do the work of men but when it comes to recognizing them at par with the men, there is no hesitation in highlighting the gender discrimination. It is but for a woman, Mary, that ‘Jesus our God’ was born so how can a society morally deny the women any rights? She says that she has worked like a man, borne lashes and at times, even done better than them. At the same, she has borne and reared children who were sold into slavery in front them and still she has not been accorded the status of either a woman or equal partner! She has exhorted the women to fight collectively for their rights because ‘if the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to

Environmental Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Issues - Essay Example The Endangered Species Act (ESA), is one such act, which was passed in the year 1973 with a view to empower the government to protect and preserve the imperiled species and the eco-systems on which they depend (FWS, 2010). However, three decades on, the act still finds itself as highly ineffective – and embroiled in a legal turmoil with two opposing sides i.e. the proponents and opponents of protection of endangered species; clashing head on to propagate their own self-interests. With the environmentalists on one hand and the industrialists and economists on the other, the Act which once witnessed overwhelming support is now caught between two contrasting and conflicting interests. The proponents believe that the act has not been implemented to its full potential and lacks adequate powers to preserve endangered species and hence needs to be strengthened to prevent them from becoming extinct (Rohlf 1991; Houck 1993; Bechtold 1999). The opponents, on the other hand, argue that the act is repressive and outdated and pose significant threat to the American economy and hence must be abolished (Mann and Plummer 1992; Sugg 1994). While environmentalists claim ‘preservation of ecosystems’ as a wider public interest, its total disregard on its likely impact on industrial growth and development has had a section of public up in arms, to advocate their cause. It is owing to such conflicting interests that this widely debated law has often been referred to as controversial in nature. The ESA (1973) has been in the center of heated political and legal debates, with two contrasting parties seeking protection of self-interest; strengthening of laws in such a situation, might further increase the legal jeopardy, hence the law should be adequately amended and suitably modified rather than completely abolishing it. This act was passed by the Congress in the year

Cost Accounting and Cost Accounting System Assignment

Cost Accounting and Cost Accounting System - Assignment Example 2008). The most important feature of a cost accounting system is the regularity with which relevant cost information is provided to users. There are two types of cost accounting systems the job order cost and process order systems. Job order cost system operates by provides I cost information in regard to each quantity of product/ service in batches. It is mostly applicable in factories with wide variety of product/service lines e.g. accounting firms and apparel manufacturing industry. Secondly, process order cost system refers to the process of accumulating costs by department or process in a factory. It is applicable mostly in cases of continuous productions such as oil refineries and food processing industries. Several companies use both types of cost accounting systems due to the diversity of their product/services pressing and the need for a cost system that provides relevant decision making information. In addition, it enhances flexibility and accuracy contributing to a more effective operational and strategic

Teachings of Quran Essay Example for Free

Teachings of Quran Essay The Quran does not emphasize the invisible dimensions of existence (God, angels, jinn) at the expense of neglecting the visible (the natural world). In numerous instances, the Quran refers to natural aspects of this life as signs of God, calling mankind to ponder on natural phenomena such as the wind, rain, vegetation and alteration of the night and the day (Amir Abbas Zamani, 2001). Muslims believe in both a material and a supernatural world. Therefore, the Muslims use a great deal of astronomy, geometry and metaphysical concepts in architecture. The Quran says: â€Å"Such as remember Allah, standing, sitting and reclining, and consider the creation of the heavens and the earth, (and says): Our Lord! Though createst not this in vain (3:191) (Petruccioli, 2002). These structures carry body and soul. The body were designed using sacred geometry, and the soul were created with the help of light, ventilation, sound effects, landscape, color, texture and symbolism used in both the interior and exterior. â€Å"The first being created by God was light. † (Petruccioli, 2002) Islamic architecture makes full use of light and shade, and the heat and coolness of the wind and its aerodynamics, of water and its cooling effect, of the earth and its insulating features as well as properties of the elements. The Muslim’s firm believe in paradise is based on the teaching of the Quran, which says, â€Å"And those who believe and do good works such are rightful owners of the Garden. They will abide therein† (2:82) (Petruccioli 2002). The detailed description of the garden of paradise is given in Sura â€Å"the Beneficent† (55:46-78). Therefore, landscape features become an integral part of site planning and architecture. The buildings are set in the landscape deliberately so that one can find himself in an idealized paradise-like environment. The buildings not only humanize the landscape but stand there in all simplicity of form and witness the divine (Attilio Petruccioli, 2002). Truly, Islamic art is an expression of beauty, a demonstration of divinity and a treasure preserved through time; Allah’s gift not just to His beloved devotees but also to the world. Reference: Amir Abbas Zamani, S. S. (2001). What is Islam? : Alhoda UK. Attilio Petruccioli, K. P. (2002). Understanding Islamic Architecture: Routledge. Glasse, C. (2001). The New Encyclopedia of Islam: Rowman Altamira. Grabar, O. (2006). Constructing the Study of Islamic Art: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Janin, H. (2005). The Pursuit of Learning In The Islamic World, 610-2003: McFarland and Company. Oweis, F. (2002). The Elements of Unity in Islamic Art as Examined Through the Work of Jamal Badran: Universal-Publishers. com. Penney, S. (1995). Islam: Harcourt Heinemann. Ulrik Volgsten, S. B. (2006). Music And Manipulation: On the Social Uses And Social Control of Music: Berghahn Books. Waines, D. (2003). An Introduction to Islam (second ed. ): Cambridge University Press.

American National Identity And National Parks History Essay

American National Identity And National Parks History Essay Natural identity can be simply defined as the individuals sense of belonging to a nation. It is the thread that binds the citizens of a particular nation together and gives them the pride of belonging to the country. According to Smith national identity serves three important functions; it provides an answer to the fear of personal oblivion through identification with a nation since the nation is far greater and stronger than the individual; is this your language? national identity offers the individual personal renewal and self-worth by being a member of a super family politically and thirdly it promotes the realization of fraternity feelings more so through the use of symbols and ceremony  [1]  . Remember: punctuation inside of note numbers! Make sure you really paraphrase or quote directly. This seems not like your language. Every nation around the world has its main national identity. For some, it could be talking the same language as it happens in most European countries where nations are defined by their language such as France for the French speakers, Spain for the Spanish speakers, Portugal for the Portuguese speakers among others. [awk and unclear] In other countries national identity is defined by ethnic composition for example Slovakia for the Slovaks, Albania for the Albanians and Armenia for the Armenians. In other countries national identity is defined by religion such as in the Muslim countries and in Israel. [I think this is pretty simplistic national identity is much more complicated than this] America however is unique because it is a mixture of all. The Americans cannot be judged by race because all races are represented, neither by language because virtually all major languages are represented, neither by culture because America is a boiling [melting?] pot of all major cultures nor by r eligion because all major world religions are represented in America by a substantial number  [2]  . [awk] is this a point you are making or one that someone else has made that you are using. Make that clear. Americans often face the great task of establishing national identity for themselves. [think about that different types of national identity coexist there are battles in all countries about what constitutes Britishness or Americanness or Frenchness. Maybe its more complicated in the US, but Im not sure, but I dont think American are unique in having to choose among different ideas of the nation which are presented in a variety of ways] Because of the importance of nature to American self-identity, [you need to show this, not assert it] environmentalism questions have always tended to take on ideological and national significance. Preservation of natural spaces in America has involved both the creation of an alternative cultural space for the nation and creation of America as a nation  [3]  . [unclear] Americans found in national parks a unifying factor; a national identity that is to America what culture [culture is a vague term here] is to Europe. Therefore national parks are c entral to Americas national identity. This paper is going to evaluate the relationship that exists between Americas national identity and national parks. The paper concludes that national parks are the national identity of the United States of America. National parks express a certain aspect of the national identity of the US? To say they are equivalent may be stretching it . . . The first national park in the world was established in 1872  [4]  . This is Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone National Park became the first large scale wilderness conservation in the interest of the public and more so the generations to come. The rest of the world learnt the idea of national parks from America. Each country launched its own version of parks but the American model was the one that was largely used. To Americans, wilderness is not only idea but rather it is the objective of many who are seeking outdoor recreational activities. [clarify] According to Roderick Nashi, wilderness is a state of mind; the feeling of being far from civilization, from the environment that humans have polluted.  [5]   Natural landscapes which form the national parks are fundamental subjects in the understanding of national identity. This is so because nature as opposed to culture has increasingly become a source of national identity. National identity therefore can be seen as a heritage of nature. You need to make these connections clearer maybe talk about the issue of the frontier thesis? According to Howard and Graham  [6]  , the role of the natural landscapes in shaping national identity is increased by the fundamental link between ideas of the national, the native and the natural in which the prefix nat refers to a notion of birthing. Howard and Graham argue that the nation is therefore logically made up of the natives who have been born as a community of nature that gives the nation its common identity. Cite and make sure this is your language. A large number of national songs sing in praise of the nations natural landscape, for example America the Beautiful which celebrates Americas purple mountain which stands majestically above the plains and stretching from sea to sea  [7]  . There are also a great number of museums and theatres that are decorated using landscape images of natural scenes. Such as? You need to set up a more systematic organization at the outset here : introduction with your thesis; historiography how have historians written about national parks; and then perhaps background. Right now I feel like you are jumping around a bit too much. When the European settlers arrived from Europe they settled in the eastern shores of what would become the United States. However with time the population grew rapidly and with it came the need to push further west. This led the settlers into what was referred to as the Wild West. The settlers portray the Wild West as an area that had not been occupied, though we know that the Native Indians occupied the area. By so doing the settlers saw themselves as a new nation in which different people from diverse nationalities were reborn as one nation in the wild nature of the new continent. Citations! The importance of the Wild West in the history of the U.S cannot be overemphasized. Many Americans identified themselves as Americans from having been born in the continents Wild nature. Can you show this with primary sources? Due to the importance of the wild nature in rebirth of the U.S [?] it became essential to conserve part of the wilderness undisturbed in order to act like a reminder of the countrys rebirth. [could be clearer] This need acted as the ideological basis for forming national parks in the 1880s. The national parks were started in large areas with wild nature. The aim was to preserve these areas for future generations. Citations! The national parks exist to protect salient natural areas from threat of human destruction through political social and economic development. This preserves the wilderness as it was when the European settlers took possession of the land. Indeed it is this wilderness that defined Americas national identity from the time the nation was established  [8]  . [you need to SHOW this through analysis -not assert it] Construction of the American national identity is rooted deeply in nature that the two are inseparable. Awk This is in contrast to European nations, whose national identity is derived from sharing a common language, ethnic or racial heritage, religion or cultural history. America is a nation of diverse languages, diverse ethnic groups, of all races race, with virtually every religion represented and of a people with diverse cultural background  [9]  . Repetitive Race, language, ethnic group, religion and culture could not therefore be the American national identity. Amer icans found a rallying call in nature, in exploring the wilderness in the west and when much of it was getting depleted, the government started the idea of national parks aimed at protecting large swathes of the untamed wilderness for future generations. This gets repetitive youve made all these points in different places already. The national park concept has been said to be the most successful idea yet conceived in the protection of the environment.who said this? It is an American idea that spread around the globe  [10]  . The national parks were started to preserve natural and cultural heritage. Americans were particularly concerned about preservation of the natural environment for the sake of those who would want to vacation outdoors. Nature and sceneries were to be protected for the enjoyment of all human beings. In these wildernesses, people would find a serene atmosphere to relax away from the pollution that civilization engineered. Connect these themes to national identity a way for Americans to experience their land? Seeing the true America rather than the cities? The Wild West had been largely cleared by settlers and conservationists realized that unless action was taken, the whole land would be taken over by civilization denying future generations a chance of learning the history of their founding further or the culture. [unclear] Therefore preservationist and conservationist started creating awareness of the need to set aside large portions of the remaining wilderness. This process did not gain momentum until the latter half of the 19th century. From thence the first national park was established in 1872 with others following albeit at a slow pace  [11]  . [repetitive] Not all the areas that were designated as national parks were without human habitation; some areas were already inhabited by either the Native Indians or by white settlers also called frontier farmers. When the boundaries of the national parks were drawn, some of these groups met themselves [?] inside the area that had been demarcated as a national park. The federal government had then to move them out. With some resisting to be taken out of what was their rightful possession, the Federal government was forced to apply force in removing them. [awk] This resulted in long standing grudges between the communities that were forcibly removed from the designated parks and the government  [12]  . In Yellowstone national park, for example, the Indians were forcibly relocated. This caused long standing grudge between the federal government and the Indians and between the Indians and the white population whom they viewed as the government. The Indians responded by firing at tourists who visited the park. Tourists visiting the park had to do so under protection from security agencies  [13]  . The sheepherders and lumbermen had to look for new ways to feed their families. The activities that were legal, the source of livelihood that they had lived on and not only them but the generations of descendants back there was declared illegal and refused. This was of course. Youve got good secondary sources Im waiting to see what you do with the primary sources. To these Indians and frontier whites whose farms were taken away as part of parks, they would not understand how the same thing that they were living on in the days gone by could now be declared illegal. Awk The lives of the Indians were shattered. This is because their way of life had been interrupted and declared illegal henceforth. Hunting and fishing, that had always been part of their lives was termed as poaching while foraging would now be termed as trespass both of them now acts punishable by law. Cite. Examples? The deep-seated anger this action brought to the Indians is manifest today. Some Native Indians that like the Blackfeet, representing about on, have running cases against Glacier national park. They are demanding recognition according to 1895 legislation  [14]  . Awk; and you cite a source from 1901, so Im not sure how this reflects feelings of today. Obsession with pristine and uninhabited wilderness provided many misconstrued ideas and facts that led to brutal confrontations between those for conservation and preservation and those trying to provide a decent meal for them and their children. unclearThe National Park Service Act of 1916 established the dogma for park management, the chief policy for philosophy, policies and decision-making  [15]  . And? What do you want to say in this paragraph? The use of national parks as a symbol of national identity is based on two-fold role in reinforcing national identity: the national park system helps to passively express that national identity and to passively transmit it. Im not sure what this means. The national parks are an integral part of American life. Their use is extensive; they are used in post cards, in picture movies, depict and symbolize what America is  [16]  . Yes The initial impetus for starting the national parks system was the desire to have a unique national identity. Was that stated explicity? Sources? Preservation of the best scenic sites in the U.S was seen as what would create a differentiation between the United States and the European Countries. Parks would be a way for the young United States to compete with European countries which already had established national identities based of their cultures that they had build over thousands of years. The adventurers nature of the American people and their love for the wild would also blend well with national parks as a national symbol. Parks express the American identity. In addition to expressing the goals shared by society, parks play a major role in transmitting those values to the society at large and members of the national community  [17]  . I think all these points are interesting but you are essentially repeating the same things, and you havent illustrated your points with supporting evidence from primary sources. National parks are created through a political process and may even reflect the political thought of the day. Having realized the political dimension involved the establishment of national parks; conservationists have devised ways of engaging politicians in nature conservation. When? The relationship between politics and national parks is further demonstrated in the construction of nation-states, more so the evolution of national identity. Totally unclear Identity development involves the mobilization of images, myths and so on  [18]  . [is this your language?] The concept of wilderness was central in the evolution of American identity, with Yellowstone National Park representing American cultural iconography while at the same time creating confidence among the members of the public in the industrializing nation  [19]  .[watch language] A common political concept of national parks has developed in the area of national identity. Unclear This is not a surprise because earlier c oncepts of national parks have been permeated with nationalist aspirations. The American landscape, in fact, emerged as a strong source of national identity construction  [20]  . This paragraph is unclear to me, and it also repeats points youve made earlier. The appropriation of national parks as an American national symbol, like all other nationalism, was exclusionary. Native Americans were not included in a nationalism that had been established on the very land they occupied. In that sense, Yellowstone National Park was symbolic of a nation that was divided between the settlers and the natives. Interesting point Beinart and Coates argue that Americans attempted to create national identity out of natural grandeur because the United States found it difficult to compete with Europe in high cultural stakes. Youve said this. Citation? To get a deeper insight into the relationship between America national identity and national parks, it is important to pay closer attention to a number of parks. This is not a paragraph. Yellowstone national park is the first national park in the world. By next year, the park will be celebrating its 140 years. The park measures 2.2million acres  [21]  . The area was sparsely populated at the time of starting the park but the government had an oversight that of how things will be in future. unclear Inside the designated area there was human settlings mostly made up of Native Indians and a few Frontier farmers. Youve said this already The government acquired all private land within the demarcated area and evacuated the people. The Native Indians having lived in this area did not welcome the relocation. However the government ensured they do. [?] This left the Indians bitter. To revenge the Indians continued hunting in the protected area as if unaware the new change of status. They also attacked the tourist who came to visit. This prompted the government to send the Calvary troops there in 1886 to stop poaching and to protect the tourist  [22]  . The Calvary sol diers went to Yellowstone and built Fort Yellowstone where they stayed until 1916 when the National Park Service (NPS) was established through the Organic Act of 1916. Youve said much of this already. Please combine the same points in one area of the paper. Yellowstone was used by the 19th century American Indian belonging to the Crow, Blackfoot, Shoshone and Bannock tribes  [23]  . unclear Some continued to live in the park even after it was designated. However in 1877 there were troubles which occasioned three hundred deaths. The Indians were forcibly removed to the Wind River Reservation. The Calvary soldiers were brought in and they protected the park between 1886 and 1918. Basically repetitive The removal of Indians follows a pattern of their removal from their farmlands to give way for settler farmers only that this time they were removed to provide vacation sites for tourists majority of them who were whites. Were the parks explicitly established for tourism? You need to bring in primary sources to discuss this. The African Americans and the Latinos did not go to the national parks often because they did not find them welcoming  [24]  . When? sources? Yellowstone is home to over 1100 structures associated with Euro-American occupation and management of the park. The legacy of early civilian and army administration and the history of concessions in national parks are preserved. ? Some of the historic landmarks are; Fishing Bridge Trailside Museum, Madison Junction Trailside Museum, Obsidian Cliff, Northeast Entrance Station, Norris Geyser Basin Trailside Museum and Old Faithful Inn. Why do you need to list these? The park has four National Historic Districts: Lake Fish Hatchery, Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful and Roosevelt Lodge. The park is also home to five National Historic Sites: Lake Hotel, Lamar Buffalo Ranch, Obsidian Cliff Kiosk, Queens Laundry Bath House and the U.S Post Office at Mammoth Hot Springs. The park is also home to 200,000 natural and cultural objects including artwork, ethnographic and archeological artifacts  [25]  . Im not sure why you need this paragraph. A substantial history of the United States is kept in the national parks. These are central to the national identity of the nation. How? What is the history that is preserved there? As seen above the history of Yellowstone national park is closely intertwined with the history of the United States to the extent that the nation can be seen through the park. But you havent illustrated this with primary sources. Its a good point, but you need to demonstrate it, not assert it. Glacier National Park with its many peaks, clear waters, and glacial curved mountains reflects Americas identity. As previously mentioned, Americas national identity is defined by her landscape the most spectacular being protected in national parks. Awk Throughout history, people visited Glacier National Park for the adventure it provides. Evidence of human habitation in this area goes back to 10,000 years ago. By the time of Europeans arrival, the area was inhabited by Native Indians of the Blackfeet, Salish and Kootenai tribes. They travelled to the mountains to hunt various kinds of game that were available in this place. Citations? Significance? The Europeans were attracted to the area primarily for economic gain. Some came as explorers, others as miners and eventually the settlers arrived. The Great Northern Railway reached Montana in 1891 and from thence great number of people flocked to the area attracted by prospects of mining and other economic activities  [26]  . Around the turn of the century, people began to look at Montana region as an area that was suitable for something more than farming or mining. They recognized that the area was exceptionally beautiful in reference to the landscape. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, influential leader led by George Grill began pushing for the establishment of a national park. Their desire was granted in 1910 when President Taft signed into law the bill establishing Glacier as the 10th national park  [27]  . But why is this significant in terms of your argument? The park has many historic buildings that are listed by the National Register of Historic Places. The park is home to 375 historic properties including six that are designated as National Historic Landmarks. The parks museum houses around 6,000 items related to its natural and cultural history  [28]  . These historic properties tell the history of the United States. What history do they communicate? Glacier as a national park is therefore related to the national identity of the United States because it is home to some of the most iconic landscape in North America. You cant just state this. . . . Yosemite is one of the United States most well-known National Parks. It largely covers the eastern parts of Tuolumne, Madera and Mariposa counties of California and covers an area of 761,268 acres  [29]  . The national park is governed by National Park Service and is recognized worldwide for its clear streams, groves, granite cliffs, waterfalls and its biological diversity. The park has a range of 648 to 3,997 meters above sea level and is divided into five major vegetation zones: chaparral/oak woodland, lower montane, upper montane, subalpine and alpine. There are more than 160 rare plants in the park. Most of the landforms in Yosemite are cut from the granitic rock of the Sierra Nevada Batholiths. About 5% of the parks landforms are metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rock. The valleys, canyons, domes and other features seen in the park were formed as a result of erosion acting upon different types of uplift-created joints. Citations? Significance? Yosemites most outstanding features include the tunnel view, which is the most visited area and also the most photographed; a prominent granite cliff that looms over the valley, the El Captain, which is has diverse range of climbing routes and full-yearly accessibility thus making it the most popular rock climbing destination in the world. The high parts of Yosemite contain spectacular areas such as: Dana meadows, Tuolumne meadows, the Clark range, the Cathedral Range and the Kuna crest. In addition, the park has three groves of ancient Giant Sequoia trees, the Mariposa Grove, the Tuolumne Grove and the Merced Grove. These tree species grow larger in volume than any other and is one of the tallest and longest lived. Citations? I just found some of this information on a website, and you are not citing . . . Yosemite falls under a Mediterranean climate with mean daily temperatures ranging from 25 to 53 degrees Fahrenheit. Most precipitation occurs during the mild winter, and the remaining seasons stay almost dry. Snow accumulates all winter and into March and April. It however does not persist on the ground until November in the high country. At areas above 8,000 feet, the hot and dry temperatures are moderated by frequent thunderstorms, during summer, along with snow in July. This combination of low relative humidity, dry vegetation and thunderstorms results in frequent lightning-caused fires  [30]  . The park contains about 3200 lakes, two reservoirs and 1,700 miles of streams. Landforms in the park have been created as a result of hydrologic processes, including glaciations, flooding and fluvial geomorphic response. Yosemite is popular for its high concentration of waterfalls in a small area. These include: Yosemite falls and Ribbon falls both found in the Yosemite Valley, Bridal veil fall that is seen from the Tunnel View viewpoint and Wapama Falls in Hetch Hetchy Valley  [31]  . Paiute and Sierra Miwok are the people who lived in Yosemite area long before the whites explored into the region. The Ahwahneechee, who were Native Americans, lived in Yosemite Valley when the first foreign people entered .White travel increased in the area in the mid-19th century due to the California Gold Rush  [32]  . Jim Savage of the States Army led the Mariposa Battalion in 1851 to the west end of Yosemite Valley in while pursuing around 200 Ahwahneechees led by Chief Tenaya as part of Mariposa wars. Chief Tenaya founded the Pai-Ute colony of Ah-wa-nee. The Miwoks, most white settlers, saw the Ahwahneechee as violent owing to frequent territorial disputes. Tenaya and all the Ahwahneechee were later captured and their village burned; they were moved to a reservation in California near Fresno  [33]  . When some were later allowed to return to Yosemite Valley, they attacked a group of gold miners, which got them into trouble. They flew to the east and sought refuge with the Mono tribe at Mono Lake but were tracked down and most killed by Mono Paiutes after they stole some of their hosts horses in 1853.Chief Tenaya was killed in the attack and survivors were taken back to Mono Lake and they were absorbed into Mono Lake Paiute tribe. An Indian Village of Ahwanhee was reconstructed and is located behind the Yosemite Museum next to Yosemite Valley  [34]  . In 1855, James Masons Hutchings, an entrepreneur and artist Thomas Ayers toured the Yosemite Valley area. They created articles and magazine issues about Yosemite Valley thus responsible for most of the earliest publicity about Yosemite  [35]  . Wawona was an Indian encampment, now in the southwestern part of the park. Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoia was discovered Galen Clark, a settler. Simple lodgings and roads were built in the area. The number of trails and hotels increased as tourism increased. Prominent citizens including Galen Clark and Senator John Conness, concerned by the effects of commercial interests, advocated for protection of the area. A park bill was passed by both houses of the U.S congress and was signed by President Abraham Lincoln on June 30, 1864, creating the Yosemite Grant. The park was to be set aside specifically for public use and thereby creating the first national park. It is believed that man lived in the Rocky Mountains about 10,000 years ago. The Utes lived in the mountains of West Colorado. As the Arapaho, who were plains Indians who came to the Estes Park frequently in summer to hunt, migrated westwards the Americans moved out from Appalachian  [36]  . With the arrival of Americans, Indians avoided Estes Park and Grand Lake area. Rufus Sage is the first American to have visited the region. He spent three years exploring the Rockies. Joel Estes, a Kentuckian, was the first settler. He brought his family in 1859 and eventually settled as a farmer near Fort Lupton. A few homes were set up in the upper Colorado Valley in 1879 and by 1880 people moved in to Lulu city where some gold discoveries had been made. A few homes were set up in the upper Colorado Valley in 1879 and by 1880 people moved in to Lulu city where some gold discoveries had been made  [37]  . In 1883 the town was deserted. As a result of publicity and political pressure, a b ill was passed in 1915 and signed by President Wilson to establish the Rocky Mountains National Park the Parks dedication was conducted in September 4, 19